![imperialism 2 town growth imperialism 2 town growth](https://archive.kontek.net/dailyimperialist.strategyplanet.gamespy.com/trade_empires/te_screen1.jpg)
![imperialism 2 town growth imperialism 2 town growth](https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/imperialism/images/2/29/Imp1-Unification.jpg)
Now, however, they had to execute the will of the Dutch center. The top of this indigenous structure consisted of the Javanese aristocracy, previously the officials that ran the Mataram administration. Alongside the Dutch hierarchy, there existed an indigenous one which functioned as an intermediary between the Javanese peasants and the European civil service. The Dutch system of rule in colonial Java was both direct and dualistic. Between 18 this number increased from 73 to 190. However, his administrative reorganizations meant an increasing intervention in Java's society and economy by foreign powers, which is reflected by the growing number of middle ranked European officials working in the residencies.
![imperialism 2 town growth imperialism 2 town growth](https://images.gog-statics.com/1d428d36b4a438acc0620cb0ec16050dd701b727b0cd91ef1bd2585bace57889_product_card_v2_mobile_slider_639.jpg)
In 1817 he published his The History of Java, one of the first academic works on the topic of Java. Raffles also had a sincere interest in the cultures and languages of Java. He introduced the land-tax which meant that Javanese peasants had to pay tax, approximately the value of two-fifths of their annual harvests, to the authorities. Raffles continued the reorganizations of his predecessor (Daendels) by reforming the judicial, police and administrative system of Java. These residents were responsible for a wide range of matters in their residencies, varying from legal matters to the organization of agriculture. Daendels was the one who reorganized the central and regional colonial administration by dividing Java into districts (also known as residencies), each one headed by an European civil servant - called the resident - who was directly subordinate - and had to report - to the Governor-General in Batavia. Firstly, Herman Willem Daendels, Governor-General from 1808 to 1811 during the French occupation of Holland and, secondly, British Lieutenant Sir Stamford Raffles, Governor-General from 1811 to 1816 during the British occupation of Java. Two names stand out as being architects of the new Dutch colonial state in Indonesia. After Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, however, it was decided that most parts of the archipelago would return to the Dutch.Īrchitects of the Dutch Colonial State in Indonesia However, when the French occupied Holland between 18 these possessions were transferred to the British. As a consequence its possessions in the archipelago passed into the hands of the Dutch crown in 1800. In 1796 the VOC went bankrupt and was nationalized by the Dutch state. However, mismanagement, corruption and fierce competition from the English East India Company resulted in the slow demise of the VOC towards the end of the 18th century. This Dutch trading company had been a major power in Asian trade since the early 1600s, but started to develop an interest to interfere in indigenous politics on the island of Java in the 18th century as that would improve their hold on the local economy. During the course of the 18th century the Dutch United East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, abbreviated VOC) had established itself as the dominating economic and political power on Java after the crumbling and collapse of the Mataram empire.